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BACKGROUND:Clofarabine is a nucleoside analog with activity in myeloid malignancies. Experience in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is limited.
METHODS:The goal of this study was to evaluate the activity and safety of 2 different doses (15 mg/m2 vs 30 mg/m2 daily × 5 days) of intravenous clofarabine in patients with higher‐risk MDS. Fifty‐eight patients with a median age of 68 years (range, 25‐89)...
BACKGROUND:Antagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibit the proliferation of various human cancer cell lines and experimental tumors by mechanisms that include direct action on GHRH receptors in cancer cells.
METHODS:In this study, the effects of newly synthesized GHRH antagonists, MIA‐313, MIA‐602, MIA‐604, and MIA‐610, were investigated in 2 human ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma...
BACKGROUND:Treatment regimens for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) contain neurotoxic agents that may interfere with neuromuscular health. In this study, the authors examined associations between neuromuscular impairments and physical function and between neuromuscular impairments and doses of vincristine and intrathecal methotrexate used to treat leukemia among survivors of childhood...
BACKGROUND:The clinical course of patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is difficult to predict with the currently available categorical staging systems of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). The objective of the current study was to develop and validate a novel, clinically relevant, individualized prognostic model...
BACKGROUND:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), higher body mass index (BMI), smoking, and genetic variants in angiogenic pathway genes have been individually associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, how angiogenic gene polymorphisms and environmental factors jointly affect esophageal adenocarcinoma development remains unclear.
METHODS:By using a case‐only design (n...
BACKGROUND:Mutations in the tumor protein 53 (TP53) tumor suppressor gene are common in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and correlate with radioresistance. Currently, there are no clinically available therapeutic approaches targeting p53 in HNSCC. In this report, the authors propose a strategy that uses TP53 mutational status to individualize antimetabolic strategies for the potentiation...
BACKGROUND:Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) microRNAs are abundant in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumors. With recent advances in serum microRNA detection, the distinct presence of EBV microRNAs in serum could aid in screening endemic regions for NPC. A proposed network of genes targeted by these microRNAs could also shed light on EBV‐associated tumorigenesis.
METHODS:MicroRNA microarray profiling of...
A large body of research has documented the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms, especially vasomotor symptoms, in breast cancer survivors and their impact on quality of life. However, urinary symptoms as part of the constellation of menopausal symptoms have received relatively little attention. Thus, less is known about the prevalence and severity of urinary symptoms in breast cancer survivors...
BACKGROUND:The benefit of adding radiation therapy after excision of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is widely debated. Randomized clinical trials are underpowered to delineate long‐term outcomes after radiation.
METHODS:The authors of this report constructed a Markov decision model to simulate the clinical course of DCIS in a woman aged 60 years who received treatment with either of 2 breast‐conserving...
BACKGROUND:Normal adult lungs contain pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). PNEC hyperplasia may be either reactive or idiopathic, and the idiopathic type is defined as diffuse idiopathic PNEC hyperplasia (DIPNECH). It is believed that DIPNECH is a neuroendocrine proliferative process associated with carcinoid tumors. The available data regarding this rare condition are very limited. The objective...
BACKGROUND:Patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have limited therapeutic options. Sorafenib (BAY 43‐9006) is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of raf, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 (VEGFR1) through 3, platelet‐derived growth factor B, fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3, and c‐kit, and some of these may be relevant in STS.
METHODS:The authors tested sorafenib at a dose...
BACKGROUND:Statins are widely used cholesterol‐lowering agents that may have potential antitumor effect. Epidemiological studies on statin use and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk have been inconsistent.
METHODS:The authors investigated the association between statin use and RCC risk in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study. In total, 80,782 women and 37,869 men were followed...
BACKGROUND:Although the presence of numerous cell signaling receptors in osteosarcoma is known, their simultaneous characterization has not been performed to date. The current study sought to characterize and quantify the expression of cell surface receptors across a variety of osteosarcoma cell lines.
METHODS:Standard (n = 4) and patient‐derived (n = 10) osteosarcoma cell lines were cultured and...
BACKGROUND:The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is the principal DNA repair pathway for removing bulky platinum DNA adducts. Suboptimal DNA repair may lead to improved response to platinum agents. The objective of this study was to determine whether single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NER pathway genes could be markers of platinum response in ovarian cancer.
METHODS:The authors identified...
BACKGROUND:The management of colon polyps containing invasive carcinoma includes surgical resection or colonoscopic polypectomy. To date, there are very limited population‐based data comparing outcomes with the 2 management approaches.
METHODS:Using the linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare database, we identified 2077 patients aged ≥66 years with an initial diagnosis of stage...
BACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to identify and validate the diagnostic value of N‐glycan markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to uncover their underlying molecular mechanism.
METHODS:In total, 347 individuals, including patients with CRC, patients with colorectal adenoma, and healthy controls, were divided randomly into a training group (n = 287) and retrospective validation groups...
BACKGROUND:In many types of cancer, the survival rates are reported to be less favorable for adolescents compared with younger children. To investigate whether this is true for adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the results obtained in patients enrolled in protocols run by the Italian Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee (STSC) were analyzed.
METHODS:From 1988 through 2005, 643 patients were registered...
BACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to determine the proportions of major oncogenic alterations and to examine survival in genotype‐specific subsets of never‐smokers with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
METHODS:The authors concurrently analyzed mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and v‐Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) genes and investigated...
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